The # and ## preprocessor operators are used with the #define preprocessor directive.
For example, the command
#define to_string( s ) # s
will make the compiler turn this command
cout << to_string( Hello World! ) << endl;
into
cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
Here is an example of the ## command:
#define concatenate( a, b ) a ## b ... int xy = 10; ...
This code will make the compiler turn
cout << concatenate( x, y ) << endl;
into
cout << xy << endl;
which will, of course, display '10' to standard output.
Related topics: #define